25日，我国世界遗产提名项目“泉州：宋元中国的世界海洋商贸中心”顺利通过联合国教科文组织第44届世界遗产委员会会议审议，成功列入《世界遗产名录》，我国世界遗产总数升至56项。

"Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China" was inscribed onto the UNESCO World Heritage list on Sunday during the ongoing 44th Session of the World Heritage Committee, which is hosted in Fuzhou, capital of Fujian province.

会议决议认为，“泉州：宋元中国的世界海洋商贸中心”反映了特定历史时期独特而杰出的港口城市空间结构，其所包含的22个遗产点涵盖了社会结构、行政制度、交通、生产和商贸诸多重要文化元素，共同促成泉州在公元10至14世纪逐渐崛起并蓬勃发展，成为东亚和东南亚贸易网络的海上枢纽，对东亚和东南亚经济文化发展做出巨大贡献。

The new entry includes 22 sites and monuments across Quanzhou, a city in southeast Fujian province, which reflects a prosperous picture of maritime trade from the 10th to 14th centuries.


Song (960-1279) and Yuan (1271-1368) Dynasties witnessed a peak time of Chinese maritime trade and Quanzhou, then better known overseas as Zayton, developed to be one of the busiest seaports in the world during this era.

图源：视觉中国

本次泉州申遗项目的遗产整体由22处代表性古迹遗址及其关联环境构成，分布在自海港经江口平原并一直延伸到腹地山区的广阔空间内，它们完整地体现了宋元泉州富有特色的海外贸易体系与多元社会结构，多维度地支撑了“宋元中国的世界海洋商贸中心”这一价值主题。

The 22 representative historic monuments and sites include sites of administrative buildings and structures, the facilities that represent the structure of the city composed by city gates, walls and road networks, religious sites and statues that witnessed multi-cultural communities, cultural memorial sites and monuments, production sites of ceramics and iron, as well as a transportation network formed by bridges, docks and pagodas that guided voyages.


These component sites comprehensively reflect Song-Yuan Quanzhou’s highly integrated maritime trade structure that combines production, transportation and marketing, and the diversity social system that formed by the supporting institution, communities and cultural elements, according to Quanzhou World Cultural Heritage Nomination Office.


They demonstrate a whole set of processes and core parts of Quanzhou’s maritime trade system in the Song and Yuan period, a diverse social structure of multicultural coexistence supporting operation of maritime trade functions, and vast and diversified geographical and economic regions that Quanzhou’s maritime trade relies on.

世界遗产委员会依据《实施保护世界文化和自然遗产公约操作指南》所规定的相关标准，决定将“泉州：宋元中国的世界海洋商贸中心 ”列入《世界遗产名录》。

22处代表性古迹遗址包括：九日山祈风石刻、市舶司遗址、德济门遗址、天后宫、真武庙、南外宗正司遗址、泉州府文庙、开元寺、老君岩造像、清净寺、伊斯兰教圣墓、草庵摩尼光佛造像、磁灶窑址、德化窑址、安溪青阳下草埔冶铁遗址、洛阳桥、安平桥、顺济桥遗址、江口码头、石湖码头、六胜塔、万寿塔。

1、九日山祈风石刻

Jiuri Mountain Wind-Praying Inscriptions

九日山祈风石刻是一组记载了宋代在泉州负责海外贸易管理的国家专员、地方官以及皇室成员等为海外贸易商舶举行祈风仪式的摩崖石刻，它与市舶司遗址、德济门遗址等共同体现了宋代市舶制度下国家力量对海洋贸易的倡导和管控。

Carved in the cliff, these inscriptions record the ritual ceremonies held by state commissioners, local officials and members of the imperial clan responsible for the management of overseas trade in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Their purpose was to pray for favorable winds to aid voyages.

2、市舶司遗址

Site of Maritime Trade Office

泉州市舶司设置于1087年，是宋元国家政权设置在泉州管理海洋贸易事务的行政机构，其设置标志着泉州正式成为开放的国家对外贸易口岸,对宋元泉州的经济繁荣、文化交流以及海洋贸易各参与方的共同发展具有至关重要的意义，反映出泉州港口依托于庞大帝国的独特属性。

This was an administrative agency established by the governments of the Song and Yuan dynasties in Quanzhou to manage maritime trade affairs.

3、德济门遗址

Site of Deji Gate

德济门遗址是宋元泉州城的南门遗址，记录了宋元泉州城市向南部拓展的历史。它是城市南部商业性城区的重要地标，体现了官方对海洋贸易和城市商业发展的行政保障。

The remains of the southern gate to the old city of Quanzhou.

4、天后宫

Tianhou Temple

天后宫是祭祀海神妈祖的庙宇，也是世界范围妈祖信仰的重要传播中心，见证了妈祖信仰伴随海洋贸易的形成和发展历程。

This site is dedicated to the worship of Mazu, the sea goddess.

5、真武庙

Zhenwu Temple

真武庙是宋元时期祭祀真武大帝的道教庙宇，也是古法石港的重要地标，为宋元时期商人群体从事海洋贸易的重要精神寄托。

The Taoist temple is dedicated to the worship of Emperor Zhenwu and the landmark within the port was the venue chosen by Quanzhou officials to offer sacrifices to the sea.

6、南外宗正司

Site of Southern Clan Office

南外宗正司是1130年以来迁居泉州的宋代皇族群体的管理机构。这一群体是泉州多元社群中具有影响力的组成部分之一，他们不仅提升了泉州的消费能力，还积极参与海洋贸易。

This was an administrative agency established for Song Dynasty kinsmen who relocated to Quanzhou in 1130 and after.

7、泉州府文庙

Confucius Temple and School

泉州府文庙是儒家祭祀场所和泉州最高等级的教育机构，是泉州社会精英群体的象征。这些社会精英在宋元海洋贸易的推动和管理中发挥了重要作用。

A place for Confucians to offer sacrifice and the city’s highest institute of education.

8、开元寺

Kaiyuan Temple

开元寺是宋元泉州规模最大、官方地位最突出的佛教寺院，其寺院经济及多元文化遗迹反映出宋元海洋贸易带给泉州的经济繁荣和文化共存特征，与寺院关联的地方政权统治者、宋元官方、僧侣、地方大族等人群对宋元社会经济和海洋贸易具有重要贡献。

The largest Buddhist temple in Quanzhou with top-ranked official status during the Song-Yuan period.

9、老君岩造像

Statue of Lao Tze

老君岩造像是道家学说创始人老子的巨型石雕像，是宋代泉州官方主流意识形态的象征，体现了泉州港口依托农业帝国的独特历史文脉，反映出世界海洋商贸中心多元、活跃的文化特征和港口的繁荣成就。

China' s largest surviving Taoist stone carving statue

10、清净寺

Qingjing Mosque

清净寺是泉州古城商业性城区中的伊斯兰教寺院，是宋元时期跨越重洋来泉州营商的波斯、阿拉伯等地穆斯林商人及其族群的珍稀物证。

The first Islamic mosque ever built in Quanzhou

11、伊斯兰教圣墓

Islamic Tombs

伊斯兰教圣墓是泉州伊斯兰教的重要史迹，与清净寺共同见证了穆斯林商人及其族群在泉州的活动，反映了宋元泉州多元文化的交往与融合。

They are believed to be the final resting places of two Muslims who came to Quanzhou in the seventh century.

12、草庵摩尼光佛造像

Statue of Mani in Cao' an Temple

草庵摩尼光佛造像是宋元泉州摩尼教传播的重要史迹，显现出世界海洋商贸中心强大的文化包容力，其蕴含的文化融合特征为宋元泉州世界性多元社群间广泛的价值观交流奠定了基础。

It is a temple of Manichaeism, which originated from ancient Persia.

13、磁灶窑址

Sites of Cizao Kilns

14、德化窑址

Sites of Dehua Kilns

磁灶窑址（金交椅山窑址）是宋元时期泉州城郊外销瓷窑址的杰出代表，反映了泉州以外贸手工业为显著特点的产业结构，其生产体系和生产规模展现了世界海洋商贸中心强大的基础产业能力和贸易输出能力。

德化窑址（尾林-内坂窑址、屈斗宫窑址）是宋元时期泉州内陆地区外销瓷窑址的杰出代表，其兴起受益于宋元泉州海洋贸易的繁荣，在发展过程中创烧出独特的白瓷产品，显示出海洋贸易推动下泉州本地制瓷产业的创新和发展。

They are outstanding examples of the porcelain kiln sites that dotted the outskirts of the city during the Song-Yuan period.

15、安溪青阳下草埔冶铁遗址

Xiacaopu Iron Production Site

安溪青阳下草埔冶铁遗址是宋元时期泉州冶铁手工业的珍贵见证，与泉州的陶瓷生产基地共同显示出宋元泉州强大的产业能力和贸易输出能力。

One of the dedicated iron plants set up by the Song Dynasty government

16、洛阳桥

Luoyang Bridge

洛阳桥是泉州北上福州乃至内陆腹地的交通枢纽，它与安平桥、顺济桥遗址等共同连通了便捷的沿海交通干线，在泉州水陆复合运输网络的发展中具有开拓性的里程碑意义。

This was a transportation hub connecting Quanzhou northward to Fuzhou and the nation’s vast heartland and represented the pinnacle of Chinese bridge-building technology in the Song-Yuan period.

17、安平桥

Anping Bridge

安平桥是泉州与国家广阔的南部沿海地区的陆运节点，体现出海洋贸易推动下泉州水陆转运系统的发展。

A vital transport link between Quanzhou and the vast southern coastal region

18、顺济桥

Site of Shunji Bridge

顺济桥是泉州古城与晋江南岸的陆运节点，是伴随海洋贸易发展而建设的出入古城商业区的主要通道，完善了泉州的水陆转运系统。

The main access route to ancient Quanzhou’s commercial district

19、 江口码头

Estuary (Jiangkou) Docks

20、石湖码头

Shihu Dock

江口码头位于泉州古城东南的晋江北岸，是连接古城的水陆转运节点，与真武庙同为泉州城郊的重要内港“法石港”的遗存，反映了内港码头的功能构成和使用方式。

石湖码头是泉州外港码头的珍稀物证，实证了宋元泉州优良的建港条件，它与江口码头共同呈现了宋元泉州港的水陆转运系统。

Water-land trans-shipment centers connecting to the old city in the suburbs

21、六胜塔

Liusheng Pagoda

六胜塔是石湖港的重要历史遗存，是商舶由泉州湾主航道驶向内河港口的地标，并有护佑商旅的作用。

Where merchant ships would shift course from the main shipping route to inner ports of Quanzhou.

22、万寿塔

Wanshou Pagoda

万寿塔是商船抵达泉州港的地标，也是镇守海口、护佑商旅的精神寄托，其望夫成石的传说承载了泉州民众对海洋贸易的历史记忆。

A landmark for merchant ships arriving at Quanzhou port

记者：王恺昊 胡美东

编辑：李雪晴

实习编辑：李金昳

部分图片由泉州市申遗办提供

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