你好，I'm Liam .

你好，我是利亚姆。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到牛津大学在线英语课程！

In this lesson, you can learn about using adjectives and adverbs in English.

在本节课中，你将学习如何使用英语中的形容词和副词。

You'll see how to use different types of adjectives or adverbs in an English sentence.

你将看到如何在英语的句子中使用不同类型的形容词或副词。

To see more free English lessons, visit our website: Oxford Online English dot com.

要查看更多免费英语课程的话，请访问我们的网站：Oxford Online English dot com。

You can also book English classes with our fully-qualified teachers, who can help you with your English speaking, writing, IELTS preparation, or whatever else you need.

你还可以和我们高水平的老师预订英语课程，他们可以帮助你准备英语口语、写作、雅思备考或其他任何你需要方面的任务。

This is a '5 levels' lesson.

这是一节“五级”课程。

That means you'll see five sections.

这意味着你将看到五个部分。

Each section will give you a challenge.

每个部分都会给你一个挑战。

Each section is more difficult than the previous ones.

每个部分都比前面的部分更难。

Level one is beginner, so if you're not a beginner, you should skip to level two.

一级是初学者水平，所以如果你不是初学者的话，你应该跳到二级。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Let's go!

让我们开始吧！

Look at five sentences.

看看这五句话。

Each sentence contains one adjective, and one adverb.

每个句子包含一个形容词和一个副词。

Can you find them?

你能找到它们吗？

Pause the video, and find the adjective and the adverb in each sentence.

暂停视频，找出每个句子中的形容词和副词。

Do it now!

现在就开始吧！

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Let's check.

让我们检查一下。

Adjectives often come before a noun, as in 'old town' or 'Italian bakery'.

形容词经常出现在名词之前，如“老城”或“意大利面包店”。

Adjectives can also come after a noun, often after a verb like 'be', as in 'it was cloudy'.

形容词也可以跟在名词之后，通常跟在像“be”这样的动词之后，比如在“it was cloudy”这句话里。

You could also put an adjective after a noun using other linking verbs, like 'get', 'become' or 'look'.

你还可以使用其他连接动词（如“get”、“become”或“look”）在名词后放置形容词。

For example: 'It's getting dark.' Adjectives only do one thing: they describe nouns.

例如：“天快黑了。”形容词只有一个功能：它们描述名词。

An adjective always links to a noun.

形容词总是和名词相联系的。

Adverbs can be harder to find, because they do many different jobs.

副词可能更难找到，因为它们有许多不同的功能。

Many adverbs end in -ly, like 'probably' or 'lightly'.

很多副词都以 -ly 结尾，例如“probably”或“lightly”。

However, many adverbs don't, like 'well' or 'ever'.

然而，很多副词不是如此，比如说“well”或“ever”。

Also, adverbs do many different jobs.

此外，副词有很多不同的作用。

They can describe verbs, adjectives, or situations.

它们可以描述动词、形容词或某种情况。

To use adjectives and adverbs well in English, you should know how to recognise them in a sentence.

要在英语中很好地使用形容词和副词，你应该知道如何在句子中识别它们。

If that's clear, then let's move on to level two!

如果这部分已经清楚了的话，那么让我们进入第二级吧！

Here's your challenge for level two.

这是第二级的挑战。

Here, your job is to put the adjectives and adverbs in the right places.

你要做的是将形容词和副词放在正确的位置。

You can't add any punctuation.

你不能添加任何标点符号。

That means there's only one possible answer for each sentence, except sentence five, where there's at least one more possibility.

这也就意味着每个句子只有一个可能的答案，除了第五句，这句话至少还有一种可能性。

Pause the video and think about it now!

暂停视频，现在思考一下！

Could you do it?

你能做到吗？

Let's take a look.

让我们来看看吧。

So, what do you need to know here?

所以你需要知道什么呢？

There are rules for word order for both adjectives and adverbs.

形容词和副词的词序都有规则。

The rules for adjectives are simpler, because adjectives always link to a noun.

形容词的规则更简单，因为形容词总是与名词相关联。

As you saw in level one, the adjective either goes before the noun, or after the noun with a linking verb like 'be'.

正如你在第一级看到的那样，形容词要么放在名词之前，要么放在名词之后，这时候要带有像“be”这样的连接动词。

Rules for adverbs are more complicated, because different kinds of adverbs need to go in different positions.

副词的规则比较复杂，因为不同种类的副词需要放在不同的位置。

Sometimes, an adjective and an adverb can have the same form.

有时，形容词和副词可能形式相同。

For example, 'enough' can be an adjective or an adverb.

例如，“enough”可以同时是形容词或副词。

If it's an adjective, it goes before the noun, as in: 'We don't have enough time.' If it's an adverb, it goes after the verb or verb phrase.

如果是形容词的话，则放在名词之前，例如：“我们没有足够的时间。”如果是副词的话，那就放在动词或动词短语之后。

For example: 'He didn't run fast enough.' This is a useful rule for adverb word order.

比如说：“他跑得不够快。”这是副词词序的非常有用的规则。

If an adverb describes a verb, then it normally goes after the verb or verb phrase.

如果一个副词描述一个动词的话，那么它通常在动词或动词短语之后。

You can see this in sentences two and three.

你可以在第二句和第三句中看到这一点。

If this is confusing for you, you should learn about the different types of adverb, and where to put them in a sentence.

如果这让你感到困惑的话，你应该了解不同类型的副词，以及它们在句子中的位置。

It's also important that you can tell the difference between adjectives and adverbs.

区分形容词和副词也很重要。

Remember that the same word, like 'fast' or 'enough', could be an adjective or an adverb in different sentences.

请记住，同一个词，如“fast”或“enough”，在不同的句子中可以是形容词，也可以是副词。

You can't tell just by looking at the word; you have to look at the whole sentence and understand the meaning.

你不能只看这个词就能分辨出来； 你必须查看整个句子并理解其含义。

Now, let's go to level three!

现在，让我们进入第三级吧！

Here are your sentences.

这是你的句子。

Your job is simple: choose the correct word in each sentence.

你的工作很简单：为每个句子中选择正确的单词。

Pause the video now and find your answers.

立即暂停视频，寻找你的答案。

Did you do it?

做完了吗？

Even if it's difficult, spend some time thinking about it.

即使很难，也要花点时间考虑一下。

Take more time if you need!

如果需要的话，可以多花一点时间！

OK, let's see the answers now.

好的，现在让我们看看答案。

Did you get the right answers?

你都做对了吗？

Is anything confusing?

有什么困惑吗？

Let's see what's going on here.

让我们看看发生了什么吧。

First point: not all adverbs end in -ly, and sometimes, a word can have two forms — like 'hard' and 'hardly', or 'direct' and 'directly' — and both of them are adverbs.

第一点：并非所有副词都以 -ly 结尾，有时一个词可以有两种形式——比如“hard”和“hardly”，或者“direct”和“directly”——它们都是副词。

In sentence one, 'hard' and 'hardly' are both adverbs, but they have different meanings.

在第一句中，“hard”和“hardly”都是副词，但意义不同。

Do you know what they mean?

你知道它们是什么意思吗？

'Hardly' means 'almost never'.

“Hardly”的意思是“几乎从不”。

If you say 'She hardly ever raises her voice', you mean that she almost never raises her voice.

如果你说“她很少提高声音”，你的意思是她几乎从不提高声音。

'Hard' as an adverb means 'intensely'.

“硬”作为副词的意思是“强烈地”。

What about 'direct' and 'directly'?

“Direct”和“directly”呢？

Here, it's slightly different.

在这里，是略有不同的。

Both mean that you go somewhere without stopping, but they're used in different contexts.

两个词都意味着你去某个地方的路上没有停留，但它们在不同的上下文中使用。

In most contexts, you say 'directly'.

在大多数情况下，你说“directly”。

For example: 'I walked directly over to him and told him to stop.' But, if you're talking about public transport, then you use 'direct', without -ly.

例如：“我直接走到他面前，让他停下来。”但是，如果你在谈论公共交通的话，那么使用的是“direct”，没有 -ly。

For example, if you take a train from Berlin to Moscow without changing trains, then you can say you went direct from Berlin to Moscow.

例如，如果你从柏林乘坐火车到莫斯科而没有换乘火车，那么你可以说你直接从柏林到莫斯科。

In sentence three, is 'sickly' an adjective or an adverb?

在第三句中，“Sickly”是形容词还是副词？

It's an adjective.

这是一个形容词。

Adjectives can also end in -ly.

形容词也可以以-ly结尾。

'Sick' and 'sickly' are both adjectives, but they have different meanings.

‘Sick’和‘sickly’都是形容词，但意义不同。

'Sick' means ill, as in: 'I can't come to work today. I feel sick.' 'Sickly' describes someone who is unhealthy and who gets ill easily.

“Sick”的意思是生病了，例如：“我今天不能来上班。 我觉得自己生病了。”“Sickly”描述的是不健康且容易生病的人。

For example: 'She was a very sickly child. She seemed to get ill every month.' In sentence four, 'late' is an adverb, meaning the opposite of 'early'.

例如：“她是一个非常不健康的孩子。 她似乎每个月都生病。”在第四句中，“late”是副词，与“early”相反。

'Lately' is also an adverb, but it means 'recently', and it doesn't fit here.

“Lately”也是副词，但表示“最近”，不适合用在这里。

In sentence five, 'flatly' and 'straight' are both adverbs.

在第五句中，“flatly”和“straight”都是副词。

What's the point here?

这里的重点是什么呢？

The most important thing is that you can't tell by looking at a word whether it's an adjective or an adverb.

最重要的是，你不能通过看看一个词来判断它是形容词还是副词。

Many words can be both.

很多词两种都是。

Adjectives and adverbs can have the same form.

形容词和副词可以有相同的形式。

Sometimes, words which look like they should be related — like 'hard' and 'hardly' — can have completely different meanings.

有时，看起来应该相关的词——比如“hard”和“hardly”——可能有完全不同的含义。

Don't focus on the words; focus on the sentences and what they mean.

不要专注于词汇本身； 要去看句子及其含义。

The same word in a different sentence could have a completely different meaning.

同一个词在不同的句子中可能有完全不同的意思。

Ready to move on?

准备好继续了吗？

Remember that you can always review a level if you need to.

请记住，如果需要的话，你可以随时回顾任何一个级别。

So, what's happening here?

那么，这里发生了什么呢？

Can you guess?

你可以猜一下吗？

Do these sentences look right to you?

你觉得这些句子对吗？

They aren't!

它们不对！

Each sentence has one mistake.

每个句子都有一个错误。

The mistakes relate to adjective or adverb use.

错误和形容词或副词的使用有关。

Your job is to find the mistakes and correct them.

你要做的是找出错误并纠正它们。

Try to think about why these sentences are wrong.

试着想想为什么这些句子是错误的。

Could you explain the problem?

你能解释一下问题在哪里吗？

Anyway, pause the video now, and think about your ideas.

不管怎样，现在请暂停视频，想想一下。

Take your time.

慢慢来。

OK?

好吗？

Let's look together.

一起来看看吧。

In sentence one, 'amazing' is a strong adjective.

在第一句中，“amazing”是一个很强的形容词。

You can't use 'very' with a strong adjective.

你不能将“very”和比较强的形容词一起使用。

You can use 'really' or 'absolutely'.

你可以使用“really”或“absolutely”。

So, you could also say 'It was an absolutely amazing experience.' Do you know any other strong adjectives?

所以，你也可以说：“这是一次绝对令人惊叹的体验。”你还知道其他意义很强的形容词吗？

There are many, but you could say adjectives like 'freezing', 'incredible' or 'delighted'.

是有很多的，但你可以说“超冷的”、“难以置信的”或“高兴的”等形容词。

In sentence two, if you have more than one adjective before a noun, then the adjectives need to go in a specific order.

在第二句中，如果名词前有不止一个形容词的话，那么形容词需要按特定顺序排列。

The most important rule to remember is that adjectives which give an opinion go before adjectives which describe a fact.

要记住的最重要的规则是，给出意见的形容词放在描述事实的形容词之前。 这

That's why 'lovely' needs to go before 'small'.

就是为什么“可爱的”需要在“小的”之前。

In sentence three, there's a useful rule which you can use.

在第三句中，有一条你可以使用的非常有用的规则。

If you're deciding where an adverb — like 'sometimes' — can go, and the verb has two parts — like 'can be' — then the adverb always goes in the middle.

如果你在决定副词——比如“有时”——应该放到哪里，而动词有两个部分——比如“can be”——那么副词总是放在中间的。

In sentence four, can you explain the problem?

在第四句中，你能解释一下问题在哪里吗？

Let's change the sentence a little.

让我们稍微改变一下句子吧。

This sentence is fine.

这句话是可以的。

You don't need to add 'people' to make it correct.

你不需要添加“people”来让它变成正确的。

Why not?

为什么不呢？

Some adjectives can also be used as nouns.

有些形容词也可以用作名词。

'Egyptian' can be an adjective or a noun.

“Egyptian”可以是形容词，也可以是名词。

'Spanish' is only an adjective, so it needs a noun after it.

“Spanish”只能用作形容词，所以它后面需要一个名词。

With words for nationalities, words which end in A-N can be used as adjectives or nouns: German, Russian, Australian, Brazilian, and so on.

对于描述民族的词来说，以 A-N 结尾的词可以用作形容词或名词：German，Russian，Australian，Brazilian等。

There are a few other words which don't fit this pattern, but can also be used as adjectives or nouns, like 'Greek' or 'Kazakh'.

还有一些其他词不符合这种模式，但也可以用作形容词或名词，例如“Greek”或“Kazakh”。

So, you can say: 'There are many Greeks living in Australia.' If you aren't sure whether a word can be used as a noun or not, then just add a noun afterwards.

所以，你可以说：“有很多希腊人住在澳大利亚。”如果你不确定一个词是否可以用作名词的话，那么只需要在后面添加一个名词。

You can also say: 'There are many Greek people living in Australia.' It's totally correct.

你也可以说：“澳大利亚有很多希腊人。”这是完全正确的。

In sentence five, you have a compound adjective: 'two-year-old', which is made by combining other words.

在第五句中，有一个复合形容词：“两岁”，由几个词组合而成。

Compound adjectives are often made with a number, like 'a six-hour flight' or 'a three-hundred-dollar ticket'.

复合形容词通常里面会有个数字，例如“六小时的飞行”或“三百美元的机票”。

If you make a compound adjective with a number, don't add an -s to the other parts of the adjective.

如果你用数字构成复合形容词的话，不要在形容词的其他部分加 -s。

It's a common mistake.

这是一个常见的错误。

Now, let's look at the hardest challenge: level five!

现在，让我们来看看最难的挑战：第五级！

Level five will test everything you've seen so far.

第五级将测试你学到的一切。

Here are your sentences.

这是你的句子。

Only one of these sentences is correct.

这些句子中只有一个是正确的。

Four have problems — possibly just one mistake, or maybe more than one!

四个有问题——可能只有一个错误，或者可能不止一个！

Your job is to find the correct sentence, and correct the mistakes in the other four.

你要做的是找出正确的句子，并改正其他四句中的错误。

Pause the video and do your best!

暂停视频，试着去做做吧！

Ready?

准备好了吗？

How did you do?

你做的怎么样？

Which sentence do you think is correct?

你觉得哪句话是正确的？

Sentence two is correct; the other four have problems.

第二句是对的； 其他四句有问题。

Surprised?

很惊讶吗？

Some people might tell you that sentence two is wrong, because you should use an adverb: 'I'm doing well'.

有些人可能会告诉你第二句话是错误的，因为你应该使用副词：“我很好”。

However, in colloquial speech, it's common to say 'I'm doing good.' What about the other four?

但是，在口语中，通常会说“我很好”。其他四个呢？

Let's look.

我们看看吧。

In sentence one, you should say: 'We went deep into the forest.' 'Deep' and 'deeply' are both adverbs, but if you're talking about a place, you can only use 'deep', meaning 'far into'.

在第一句话中，你应该说：“我们进入了森林深处。”“Deep”和“deeply”都是副词，但如果你说一个地方，你只能用“deep”，意思是“深入”。

'Deeply' describes how you do something.

“Deeply”描述的是如何做某事。

Here, you're talking about a place, because you're saying where you went, or, more specifically, how far into the forest you went.

在这里，你在谈论一个地方，因为你在说你去了哪里，或者更具体地说，你去了森林里面多远的地方。

In sentence three, you need to say 'a lone criminal', not 'alone'.

在第三句中，你需要说“一个孤独的罪犯”，而不是“孤独的”。

Some adjectives change form depending on whether they're used before or after the noun they describe.

有些形容词的形式取决于它们是在自己所描述的名词之前还是之后使用。

'Lone' and 'alone' have the same meaning, but you can only use 'lone' before a noun, and 'alone' after a noun.

“Lone”和“alone”含义相同，但在名词前只能使用“lone”，在名词后使用“alone”。

In sentence four, 'rather' cannot be used in this way.

在第四句中，“rather”不能这样使用。

You could say 'completely wrong', 'utterly wrong' or 'totally wrong'.

你可以说“completely wrong”、“utterly wrong”或“totally wrong”。

There are other possibilities.

还有其他的可能性。

'Rather' expresses a medium level of something.

“Rather”表示的是中等水平。

For example, if you say 'It's rather cold', you mean that it's 'medium' cold.

例如，如果你说“相当冷”的话，则表示中等程度的冷。

However, 'wrong' is ungradable.

然而，“错误”是无法分级的。

It's a binary idea: either something is wrong, or it isn't.

它是二元的：某件事情要么不对，要么对。

You can't have different levels of wrong.

你不可能有不同程度的错误。

Finally, in sentence five, the first problem is with word order and adverb position.

最后，在第五句中，第一个问题是词序和副词位置。

The second problem is that there's a double negative.

第二个问题是存在双重否定。

'Hardly' means 'almost not', so it includes a logical negative.

“Hardly”的意思是“几乎没有”，因此它包含逻辑否定。

You can't use 'hardly' and 'didn't' together.

你不能同时使用“hardly”和“didn't”。

The most likely correct sentence is: 'Unfortunately, they hardly prepared for their presentation, and unsurprisingly it was an utter disaster.' There are other possible positions for the adverbs.

最可能正确的句子是：“不幸的是，他们几乎没有为他们的演讲做好准备，不出所料，这是一场彻头彻尾的灾难。”副词还有其他可能的位置。

For example, 'unsurprisingly' could go at the end of the sentence.

例如，“毫不奇怪”可以放在句子的末尾。

How did you do?

你做得怎么样？

Using adjectives and adverbs correctly is complex, and there are many things you need to think about to use this language to a high level.

正确使用形容词和副词是很复杂的，要在更高的水平使用这种语言，你需要考虑很多事情。

If this lesson was hard for you, don't worry!

如果这节课对你来说很难的话，别担心！

In each level, we mention topics which you need to know to understand the sentences and the exercises.

在每个级别中，我们都会提到你需要了解的主题以理解句子和练习。

Choose one or two topics, and work on them.

选择一两个主题，然后进行攻克。

Don't try to do everything at once!

不要试图一次完成所有事情！

That's all.

就这样啦。

Thanks for watching!

感谢收看！

See you next time!

下次见！