1. excuse pardon forgive
1. excuse [ iks5kju:z ] vt. 原谅, 为...免去 n. 饶恕, 理由, 借口 excuse me（打断对方，引起对方注意）I won’t listen to any excuse for your absence. 我不想听你缺席的借口。
2. pardon [ 5pB:dn ] vt. 原谅, 宽恕 beg one’s pardon， 请再说一下。Pardon? I didn’t catch what you said just now. 对不起，我没听懂你刚才说的话。
3. forgive [ fE5^iv ] vt. 原谅, 饶恕（错误，过失） I won’t forgive him if he doesn’t apologize today.如果他今天不道歉，我不会原谅他。
2. exercise drill practice routine custom accustomed customs costumer habit
记忆：
1. exercise [ 5eksEsaiz ] n.练习, 习题, 锻炼, 演习 n. 训练, 锻炼 vt. 行使 In order to obtain the skill, we need plenty of exercises.要学到技能，我们需要大量的练习。
2. drill [ dril ] n. 钻子, 军事训练, 操练, (反复)练习 v. 训练, 钻孔 Can you drill the drill with another drill?你用另一把钻子钻这把钻子吗？
3. practice [ 5prAktis ] n. 实践, 惯例, 练习, 实习 As is often said, practice makes perfect. 正如大家经常说的那样，熟能生巧。
4. routine [ ru:5ti:n ] n. 例行公事, 常规, 日常事务 Don’t be annoyed. It’s nothing but routine. 别生气，这只是例行公事。
5. custom [ 5kQstEm ] n. 习惯, 风俗 Follow the custom of the local people.入乡随俗。
6. accustomed [E5kQstEmd] (to) adj. 习惯于 We are not accustomed to the weather there.我们不习惯这里的天气。
7. customs n. 海关 The officers in the customs will check there is nothing against law in your package.海关官员会检查很行李中是否有违法的东西。
8. costumer [`kCstjU:mE(r), kC`stjU:-] cost, 花钱， costumer, 花钱的人，n. 顾客 Few costumers go there a second time. 很少有顾客再次到那儿去。
9. habit [ 5hAbit ] n.习惯, 习性 How can I get out the habit of making some sounds while reading? 我怎样才能摆脱看书时发出声音的习惯？格言：Old habits die hard.积习难改。
10. hobby [ 5hCbi ] n. 业余爱好 No hobby, no joy.没有爱好就没有快乐。
另类阅读：
Doing exercises is our practice in school. Sometimes we take part in military drills. Sometimes we go to the village whose customs can help us get rid of some bad habits.
轻松一刻：
Passer-by: Why do you beg?
Beggar: Because I need money to buy wine.
Passer-by: Then why do you drink?
Beggar: Because drink gives me courage to beg.
3. explain plain plan explanation complain complaint
记忆：
1. 词根plain [ plein ] 含义为“平，明白”，explain [ iks5plein ] 讲出来让人明白，vt. 解释 The man tried to explain to the police the reason for his speedy driving. 那人设法向警察解释他高速行车的原因。
2. plain [ plein ] n. 平原, 草原 adj.简单的, 明白的, 平常的 I hope some day I can visit the plain in Inner Mongolia. 希望有一天我能参观内蒙古大草原。
3. plan [ plein ] n. 计划, 设计图, 平面图 vt.计划, 设计 Christmas holiday is the time to make a plan for the new year.圣诞假期是人们制定新年计划的时节。
4. plane [ plein ] n. 飞机，平面 adj. 平的, 平面的 China purchased hundreds of planes from the EU.中国向做法买了几百架班机。
5. explanation [ 7eksplE5neiFEn ] n. 解释, 解说 The professor gave an explanation about the manned space flight in plain but vivid word.教授用简易而生动的语言讲解了载人航天飞行。
6. complain [ kEm5plein ] com-, 共同， complain, 共同来摆平，v. 抱怨, 悲叹, 控诉 What are they complaining about?他们在抱怨什么？
7. complaint [ kEm5pleint ] n. 诉苦, 抱怨, 牢骚, 委屈, 疾病 The customer’s complaint was passed on to the general manager.顾客的抱怨被传到了总经理那里。
另类阅读：
The workers complained about their low pay. Can you explain their complaint with plain words? We are planning to give them some explanations.
4. eye see ear hear nose sneeze smell smelly tongue taste tasty tasteless yummy
记忆：
1. eye [ ai ] n. 眼睛, 视力, 眼光, 见解 Mr. Li has a sharp eye. 李老师眼光犀利。
2. see [ si: ] n. 看, 看见, 了解, 领会 I will see him off at the airport.我将到机场送他。
3. ear [ iE ] n. 耳朵 I hate to talk with him. He often turns a deaf ear to what I say.我讨厌与他说话，他经常不听我的。
4. hear [ hiE ] h-ear vt. 听到, 听说 I hear that he has heard of you. 我听说他听到过你的事。
5. nose [ nEuz ] n. 鼻 When you blow your nose, please use a handkerchief or paper.你擤鼻子时请用手帕或纸。
6. sneeze [ sni:z ] n. 喷嚏 vi. 打喷嚏 You must have caught a cold! You are sneezing continually.你不停地vi.打喷嚏，一定感冒了。
7. smell [ smel ] n.气味, 臭味 n. 嗅, 闻到, 散发(...的)气味 The cake smells of a rose.那蛋糕发出玫瑰香味。
8. smelly [5smelI] adj. 发臭的, 有臭味的 Keep a distance! The socks are smelly.别靠近！这袜子有臭味。
9. tongue [ tQN ] n. 舌头, 舌状物, 语言 Our tongue helps us to talk and to taste things. 我们的舌头帮助我们说话，也帮助我们尝东西。
10. taste [ teist ] n. 味道, 味觉，品味 n. 品尝, 领略 vt. 体验, 感到 We should read books of high taste. 我们应该阅读高品味的书籍。
11. tasty [ 5teisti ] adj. 好吃的, 可口的 I find these oranges not so tasty. 我发觉这些橙子没那么可口。
12. tasteless [ 5teistlis ] adj. 没味道的, 无鉴赏力的 It’s clear to all that water is tasteless. 大家声明清楚水是无味的。
13. yummy [ 5jQmi ] adj. 美味的 That’s yummy. 真好吃！
另类阅读：
How lucky we are! We can see beautiful sights with our eyes, hear wonderful music with our ears, smell sweat flowers with out noses, taste delicious food with our tongue, say our own ideas with our mouths, think of the future with our brains, and do useful deeds with our hands!
5. face facial surface deface preface mask race racial cheek cheer
记忆：
1. face [ feis ] n. 脸, 面容, 表情 vt. 面对, 面向 vi. 朝, 向 However hard it is, you must face the sad truth.不管有多难，你都得面对这令人哀伤的真相。
2. facial [ 5feiFEl ] adj. 面部的 His facial expression suggests that the battle was lost.他的面部表情表明这场战斗输了。
3. surface [ 5sE:fis ] sur-face n. 表面 There are some black dots on the surface of the desk.课桌表面有几个黑点。
4. deface [ di5feis ] de-face vt. 损伤外观, 丑化, 使失面子 The defaced machine will be sent back to the factory.表面有损的机器将被送回工厂。
5. preface [ 5prefis ] pre-face n. 序文, 绪言, 前言 He invited Mr. Zhang Xianliang to write the preface of his new book.他邀请张贤亮先生为他的新书作序。
6. mask [ mB:sk ] m-ask m, 蒙，蒙面 n. 面具, 掩饰 Everyone wore a strange mask at the party.聚会上每个人都戴着奇怪的面具。
7. race [ reis ] n. 种族,赛跑 vi. 赛跑, 疾走 We must race with time.我们必须和时间赛跑。
8. racial [ 5reiFEl ] adj. 人种的, 种族的, 种族间的 Any racial discrimination will be seriously punished here.在这里任何种族歧视行为都将受到严厉的惩罚。
9. cheek [ tFi:k ] n. 颊 The man with high cheeks are checking the machine.面颊很高的那个人正在检查机器。
10. check [ tFek ] vt. 检查, 制止, 核对 Any truck going through the customs will be under check.任何过海关的车都将接受检查。
11. cheer [ tFiE ] n. 愉快, 欢呼 n. (对)欢呼 Cheer up! 振作起来！提起精神！The good news cheered us up.好消息使大家都振奋起来。
12. cheers [ tFiEz ] int. 干杯
另类阅读：
The facial expression on his cheek cheered everyone standing on the surface of the platform. What he would face is not to deface the school but to write a preface for a book about the school.
6．fact factory factor act actual actually active action react reactionary
记忆：
1. act [ Akt ] n. 幕, 法案, 动作, 举动, (戏剧的)幕 vi. 行动, 担当, 表现, 见效 vt.扮演, 装作 A new act has just passed to regulate visitors’ acts. 已经通过了一条新法案来规范人参观者的行为。
2. fact [ fAkt ] n. 事实, 实际 Facts speak louder than voices.事实胜于雄辩。
3. factor [ 5fAktE ] n. 因素, 要素 The traffic convenience is an important factor in deciding the place for a new factory.交通便宜与否是决定新厂址的重要因素。
4. factory [ 5fAktEri ] n. 工厂, 制造厂 This is the factory Mr. Wen Jiabao visited last month.这是温家宝先生上个月参观过的那家工厂。
5. actual [ 5AktjuEl ] adj. 实际的, 真实的 The actual situation is quite different from what he thought of.实际情况与他想象的大相径庭。
6. actually [5AktFuElI] adv. 实际上, 事实上 Actually, the air in his hometown is also seriously polluted.实际上，他家乡的空气也受到了严重的污染。
7. active [ 5Aktiv ] adj. 积极的 Lincoln was very active in politics when young.林青年轻时积极参与政治。
8. action [ 5AkFEn ] n. 动作, 作用, 战斗 Some action will be taken soon.很快就将采取某种行动。 格言：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
9. react [ ri5Akt ] vi. 起反应, 起作用, 反抗 The public reacted strongly to the new tax act.公众对新的税收法案反应强烈。
10. reactionary [ ri(:)5AkFEnEri ] adj. 反作用的, 反动的 Those reactionary books have been burnt into ashes. 那些反动书籍已被焚之一炬。
另类阅读：
Actually, the success of a factory depends on many factors: being active in finding the facts, considering the reaction of others, taking proper actions, and so on. Anyway, think before act.
7．fail failure fall fault false
记忆：
1. fail [ feil ] vi. 失败, 不及格 If you continue working in this way, you body is sure to fail. 如果你继续这样工作，你的身份肯定会垮的。
2. failure [ 5feiljE ] n. 失败, 失败者 Cheer up! Failure is the mother of success, after all. 振作些！毕竟，失败是成功之母。 格言：Failure teaches success. 失败是成功的先导。
3. fall [ fC:l ] n. 秋天, 落下 vi. 倒下, 落下 Yellow leaves fall in fall. 秋天叶黄而落。
4. fault [ fC:lt ] n. 过错, 缺点, 故障, 毛病 You are always finding fault about what I wear!你老是对我的穿着找岔！ 格言： Every man has his faults. 是人都会有缺点。金无赤足，人无完人。
5. false [ fC:ls ] adj. 错误的, 虚伪的, 假的 Only then did I realize he was a false friend. 到了那时我才意识到他是个虚伪的朋友。
另类阅读：
He failed in the exam and fell behind others. The failure is out of his own fault, which is not false at all.
8．fair hair pair unfair fairly fare fee
记忆：
1. fair [ fZE ] adj. 美丽的, (肤色)白皙的, (头发)金黄的, 公平的, (天气)晴朗的 The girl with fair hair made some fair remarks about the event.那个头发金黄的女孩对这件事说了公平的话。
2. unfair [ 5Qn5fZE ] adj. 不公平的 It’s unfair to take double standard about human rights.对人权采取双重标准是不公平的。
3. fairly [ 5fZEli ] adv. 公正地, 公平地, 相当地, 还算 The weather is fairly warm today.今天的天气相当暖和。
4. hair [ hZE ] n. 头发, 毛发 The sudden noise made my hair stand on end.突然传来的声音令我毛骨悚然。
5. pair [ pZE ] n. 一对, 一双 How much is this pair of trousers? 这条长裤多少钱？
6. fare [ fZE ] n. 车费; 船费; 运费; 票价 The farther the destination is, the more fare you will pay.要去的地方越远，你要付的票钱越多。
7. fee [ fi: ] 音“费”， n. 费(会费、学费等), 酬金 Don’t you think the fee they offered attractive?你不认为他们提供的费用有吸引力吗？
另类阅读：
It’s unfair to tie her fair hair in pairs. Her hair is fairly attractive. She is popular among the girls collect fees in the bus.
轻松一刻
Tell me again," asked the judge, "why you parked there?" The driver rose and answered respectfully(尊敬地), "Because, Your Honor, it said 'Fine for Parking'" (note: "fine" has two meanings 1. good 2. pay some money for doing something wrong.)
9．family familiar unfamiliar familiarity home house know known unknown
记忆：
1. family [ 5fAmili ] n. 家庭, 家族, 家属 Tom has a large family to support. 一大家人靠汤姆生活。
2. familiar [ fE5miljE ] 家庭的，当然是为大家熟悉的，adj. 熟悉的, 常见的。 The coming professor is familiar to all the students as he has been to the school twice. 要来的那位教授对所有的学生都很熟悉，他到这儿已来过两次了。Be familiar with 熟悉；be familiar to 对……来说是熟悉的。
3. unfamiliar [ 5QnfE5miljE ] adj. 不熟悉的, 不常见的 What will you do with an unfamiliar letter? Delete it!你将怎样处理一封不熟悉的信件？删除！
4. familiarity [ fE7mili5Ariti ] n. 熟悉, 通晓 The familiarity shows that he has ever studies butterflies.他对蝴蝶如此熟悉表明他对蝴蝶做过研究。
5. home [ hEum ] n. 家, 住宅 adv. 在家, 回家, 在本国 East or west, home is best.东方西方，比不上家乡。 格言： There's no place like home. 金窝银窝，不如咱的狗窝。
6. house [ haus ] n. 房子, 住宅 vt.给...房子住 The housing conditions are much better in the urban areas now.现在城市地区的住房条件比以前好多了。
7. know [ nEu ] v. 知道, 了解, 认识 I’m afraid I don’t know you.恐怕我并不认识你。
8. known [ nEun ] adj. 知名的, 大家知道的 The space flight made Mr. Yang Liwei well-known home and abroad.那次太空飞行使杨利伟先生天下闻名。
9. unknown [ 5Qn5nEun ] adj. 不知名的 One year ago, he was an unknown worker.一年以前，他还是一个默默无闻的工人。
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10. famous fame reputation well-known notorious credit credible incredible authentic
记忆：
1. fame [ feim ] n. 名声, 名望 The scandal has ruined his fame.那个丑闻毁了他的名声。
2. famous [ 5feimEs ] adj. 著名的, 出名的 There are many ways to be famous. But does fame really mean so much to you?有很多方法可以出名。但名声对你真的那么重要吗？
3. well-known adj. 著名的, 出名的 As is well-known to all, no pains no gains.众所周知，一分辛劳，一分收获。
4. notorious [ nEu5tC:riEs ] not-or-ious not, 不；-or的人；-ious, 形容词后缀；notorious, （干尽坏事）不是人的，受唾(tor)骂的； Known widely and usually unfavorably; infamous: adj. 声名狼籍的 If Cheng Shuipian continues his separation, he is sure to be notorious in history. 如果陈水扁继续分裂活动，他肯定会背负千古骂名。
5. reputation [ 7repju(:)5teiFEn ] The general estimation in which a person is held by the public n. 名誉, 名声 It’s not easy to build a reputation, and it’s hard to keep a good reputation.获得名声不容易，保持好名声很困难。
6. credit [ 5kredit ] Belief or confidence in the truth of something. n. 信任, 信用, 声望 The teacher should have credit with his students in a right way. 老师应以合适的方式获得学生的信任。
7. credible [ 5kredEbl, -ibl ] cred-ible 可c里re边请的d，可信赖；ible为形容词后缀； credible, Worthy of confidence; reliable adj. 可信的, 可靠的 What he said is credible, I think.我想，他的话是可信的。
8. incredible [ in5kredEbl ] adj. 不可信的, 不可靠的 The victory is simply incredible!这场胜利真是难以置信。
9. authentic [ C:5Wentik ] au-then-tic 噢，那么提一提吧，既然它可信的话；Conforming to fact and therefore worthy of trust, reliance, or belief adj. 可信的 The witness gave an authentic account about the accident.证人对这起事故作了可信的陈述。
另类阅读：
Usually a famous star has a reputation in the society. Many people have credits on him. So they buy the goods he advertises However, it turns out that the goods are not so authentic, sometimes the goods are incredibly of poor quality. His fame becomes ruined and the goods become notorious.
11. far for fur farther father further farm farmer
记忆：
1． far [ fB: ] adj. 远的, 久远的, 遥远的 adv. 远 How far away is it from here? 它离这儿有多远？
2． for [ fC:; fE ] prep. (表示目的)为了, 因为 conj. 因为 What we do is all for you.我们所做的一切都是为了你。
3． fur [ fE: ] n. 毛皮, 毛, 软毛 The overcoat made of fox fur is rather expensive.用狐皮作的大衣很贵。
4． farther [ 5fB:TE ] adj. 更远的 The higher you stand, the farther you can see.站得越高，看得越远。
5． father [ 5fB:TE ] n. 父亲 The View of Back by Mr. Zhu Ziqing vividly described father’s love.朱自清先生的《背影》生动地描绘了父爱。
6． further [ 5fE:TE ] adj. 更远的, 更多的, 深一层的vt. 促进, 增进, 助长 We need further study, or we will fall behind.我们需要进修，否则就会落后。
7． farm [ fB:m ] n. 农场, 农庄, 农田 vt. 耕种 His father is good at farming.他父亲善长耕作。
8． farmer [ 5fB:mE ] n. 农民, 农场主 Chinese government is trying to increase the farmers’ income. 中国政府正在设法提高农民的收入。
另类阅读：
Father gave no further explanation why he went so far into the farm. On the farm a farmer blamed him for the fur that he had gone farther away to gain.
12. fast quick quickly rapid swift immediately slow slowly speed
记忆：
1. fast [ fB:st ] adj. 快速的 adv. 很快地, 紧紧地 n. 禁食 Because of the modern pace of life, more people pick up fast food.因为现代生活节奏加快，更多的人开始吃快餐。
2. quick [ kwik ] adj. 快的, 迅速的, 敏捷的 We had a quick meal and then ran to catch the train. 我们匆匆吃了饭，然后跑着去赶火车。.
3. quickly [5kwIklI] adv. 很快地（时间短） The monkey jumped from one branch to another, and disappeared quickly in the thick wood. 猴子从一根树枝跳到另一根树枝上，很快就消失在茂密的树林中。
4. rapid [ 5rApid ] adj. 迅速的, 飞快的, 险峻的 We are surprised at his rapid progress in oral English. 他的英语口语进步如此快，我们都感到意外。
5. swift [ swift ] adj. 迅速的, 快的, 敏捷的, 立刻的 The swift water turned the boat over.湍急的水流把船掀翻了。
6. immediately [ i5mi:djEtli ] adv. 立即, 马上 Hearing the cry, he ran immediately to the bank and jumped into the swift water.听到哭喊声，他马上跑到岸边跳进湍急的水中。
7. slow [ slEu ] adj. 慢的, 迟钝的 n.(～ down)(使)慢下来 Gradually the car slowed down.汽车渐渐地慢了来。
8. slowly [5slEJlI] adv. 慢慢地, 迟缓地 He turned round slowly and glared at me.他慢慢地转过身来，怒视着我。
9. speed [ spi:d ] n. 速度, 速率 v. 加快, 飞跑 The speed of the car was amazing.汽车的速度很吓人。
另类阅读：
He has made such rapid progress in driving that he can start the car quickly and immediately runs fast. He hates slow cars at their leisure speed.
13. fasten tie attach die lie lay delay relay
记忆：
1. fasten [ 5fB:sn ] vt. 扎牢, 扣住, 闩住 He fastened the door carefully and then let off a sigh of relief.他小心地闩了门，然后松了口气。
2. tie [ tai ] n. 关系, 领带 平局 vt. 系, 打结, 扎 The white tie makes him a handsome boy.那条白领结使他很英俊。
3. attach [ E5tAtF ] vt. 缚上, 系上, 贴上 v. 配属, 隶属于 Their school is attached to Sichuan University.他们的学校附属于四川大学。
4. die [ dai ] vi. 死亡, 消逝 n. 骰子 Hale would rather die than turn against his country黑尔宁愿死也不会背叛自己的祖国。 die a natural death 自然死亡 die of sth死于（疾病、情感等） die from sth死于（车祸、刀枪等）
5. lie [ lai ] （ lie, lay, lain）vi. 躺, 平放, 位于 (lie, lied, lied) v.说 谎, 躺 n. 谎话, 谎言 The boy who told a lie is lying in bed.那个说谎的男孩正躺在床上。 格言：As you have made the bed, you must lie on it.自作自受。
6. lay [ lei ] (lay, laid, laid) vt. 放置, 铺设, 产(卵), 布置 Could you help lay the table?你能帮忙安一下桌子吗？
7. delay [ di5lei ] v. & n. 耽搁, 延迟, 延期, 迟滞 We had to delay visiting the insect exhibition.我们不得不推迟去看昆虫展。
8. relay [ 5ri:lei ] n. 接力赛 Our class win the relay race at last!我们班最后赢了这场接力赛。
另类阅读：Lay the seat and you may lie on it. Fasten your safety belt and tie yourself to the seat if you don’t want to die. What’s more, the relay race will delay the trip. So stay patient.
14. fat fan fax far bat cat rat pat sat eat
记忆；
1． fat [ fAt ] f, 音“肥”，n.脂肪, 肥肉 adj. 肥大的, 丰满的 Actually the fat find it hard to resist fat on the plate.实际上胖子很难拒绝盘子里的肥肉。
2． fan [ fAn ] n. 扇子, 迷, 狂热者, 爱好者 All the fans came with fans on which there is a picture of their idol.所有的狂热者都带着扇子来了，扇子上有他们的偶像的图片。
3． fax [ fAks ] n. & vt.传真 I don’t think the fax will be replaced completely by emails.我认为传真不会完全被电子邮件取代。
4． far [ fB: ] adj. 远 A wicked heart is more terrible than a poisonous snake by far. 一颗邪恶的心远比一条有毒的蛇可怕。
5． bat [ bAt, bB:t ] n. 蝙蝠, 球棒 n. 用球棒击球 Do you know the reason why bats come out only at night?你知道为什么蝙蝠只在夜间出来吗？
6． cat [ kAt ] n. 猫 Some people find cats clever and lovely while others believe they may bring bad luck. 一些人觉得猫机灵可爱，而另一些人却相信猫会带来厄运。 格言： When the cat's away, the mice will play. 猫儿不在,老鼠成精(大王外出, 小鬼跳梁)。
7． rat [ rAt ] n.老鼠 The cat eat not only the rat.猫不仅仅吃老鼠。
8． pat [ pAt ] 轻拍 Father patted him on the shoulder, saying “There is another chance ahead.”父亲拍拍他的肩膀说，“前面还有机会。”
9． sat [ sAt ] sit的过去式 There under the tree sat an old man telling a story to the children around him.树下坐着一位老人，他正在给一群身边的孩子讲故事。
10． eat [ i:t ] vt. 吃 Soup is not to be drunk, but to be eaten.在英语中，汤不是喝的，而是吃的。