中考英语书面表达常见错误分析(四)文体形式错误
领会要点
英语日记的写作在全国各地高考书面表达问题中占很大比例。作为应用文的一种，这种书面表达题可以是提示性作文，也可以看图画(表)作文，任何形式都要以日记的形式写作。写文章前都要仔细检查问题，抓住要点，明确叙述的顺序。
信息提示
2008年3月12日是星期一，也是植树节。那天天气晴朗，上午8点30分，老师和同学们聚集在学校门口，向西山植树走去。种树前，老师告诉学生，树木可以净化空气，阻挡防风固土，美化环境，每人种五棵小树。学生们都努力工作。班长林涛虽然有病，但在完成自己的任务后还帮助别人，他是我们学习的好榜样。请根据提示内容写日记。
习作实况
2008.3.12 Monday (1)
桑尼(2)
Dear friends (3)、
it is March 12th today . at half past eight，All the teachers and students in our school gathered in front of the school gate . then we went on foot to the the
after that we started working . some strong boys dug holes，some carried water and some girls put trees in the holes . we all worked hard.Lin Tao，our monitor set a good example to us。though he was ill、He worked harder . when He finished his task、He went on to help others . He was wet all over after work . looking at the lines of the lines
Truly yours，(4)
玛丽贝克(5
只准确地说要点
(1)将天气日期2008 . 3 . 12 Monday更改为Monday、Monday 12th、2008或Monday 12th、2008、Monday。写英语日记时，请注意以下两点：英语日记的格式与中文日记的格式没有太大差异。日期和周要写在第一行的左上角，日期和周的写法是：年、月、日一应俱全的时候，可以按月、日、年或日、月、年的顺序写。March 12th、2008或12th March、2008、月、只有工作时，其顺序可以用月、日、月作为缩写。例如：September 20th或Sept. 20th:要指定星期几，可以将其放在日期之前或之后。例如：Friday、Oct. 20、2008或Oct. 20、2008、Friday。(2)写日记的时候，气象条件应该写在日期右边和右上角的格子里，而不是日期下面。天气条件一般用形容词表示。Fine，桑尼，雨，雪，风，云，云，云，云，雪，雪，雪，雪，雪，雪，雪，雪。
(3)这篇文章要求写日记而不是信。Dear friends是写信时用的称呼语，写日记时要去掉。
(4)和(5)都是信的贷款形式，不能用于写日记，必须去掉。写作文的时候，学生必须熟练地掌握书信和日记的写作形式，不能混淆。
精彩的例句
Monday，March12th，2007 Sunny
it is March 12th today . at half past eight，all the teachers and students in our school gathered in front of the school gate
. Then we went on foot to the Western Hill to plant trees.Before we started working, the teacher gave us a talk on the importance of planting trees. He said that trees can help to keep the air clean, protect us from strong wind and sand and make our city more beautiful. Then he showed us how to plant trees and asked each of us to plant at least five trees.
After that we started working. Some strong boys dug holes, some carried water and some girls put trees in the holes. We all worked hard. Among us, Lin Tao, our monitor set a good example to us. Though he was ill, he worked harder. When he finished his task, he went on to help others. He was wet all over after work. Looking at the lines of the young trees, we smiled happily.
中考英语书面表达常见错误分析(五) 用词不当
要点领悟】
文章构思新颖、结构严谨固然重要,但它只是文章的骨架。要充实内容,就得有一定的遣词造句的功力,在此基础知识就显得尤为重要了。
【信息提示】
李华平时总是忙于功课,很少做家务。母亲节这一天,她想帮妈妈做饭,却不小心切了手指,本想让妈妈在节日期间好好休息,却未能如愿。以“On Mother’s Day”为题写一篇词数为80-100的短文。要求条理清晰、意思连贯、语句通顺、标点正确。
【习作实况】
On Mother's Day
I'm usually busy with my studies and do few (1) housework when I come back from school. It was Mother's Day yesterday. I wanted Mum to have a good rest and I did all instead (2) her. I got up early yesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables, fish and meat in the market. I washed them and then began to cook. I was sure I could do as well like (3) Mum. Bad luck! I cut one of my fingers and cried out. Mum and Dad rushed into (4) and Mum asked Dad to take me to the hospital. When we came back, dinner (5) ready. I felt sorry and said, “Mum had a busy Mother's Day again!”
【精讲点拨】
(1)housework是不可数名词,应用little来修饰。(2)instead是副词,后不能接宾语,这儿应该用instead of。
(3)like虽然可用作介词,意为“像”,但这儿是as... as...结构,因此此处应改为as well as...。
(4)into是介词,其后要接宾语,但句中无宾语,所以改为副词in。
(5)ready是形容词,不能单独作谓语,所以其前要加was。
【精品范文】
On Mother’s Day
I'm usually busy with my studies and do little housework when I come back from school. It was Mother's Day yesterday. I wanted Mum to have a good rest and I did all instead of her. I got up early yesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables, fish and meat in the market. I washed them and then began to cook. I was sure I could do as well as Mum. Bad luck! I cut one of my fingers and cried out. Mum and Dad rushed in and Mum asked Dad to take me to the hospital. When we came back, dinner was ready. I felt sorry and said, “Mum had a busy Mother's Day again!”
中考英语书面表达常见错误分析(六) 汉式英语
要点领悟
不同的民族有不同的语言表达习惯。我国学生在用英语写作时由于受汉语表达习惯的影响,加之对英语词语的真正含义把握不准,往往拿汉语去套英语,结果写出的文章到处都是汉式英语(Chinglish)。这样的文章,只有中国人能看懂,外国人看不懂。这就达不到与外国人交流思想的目的。要改变这种状况,一是要准确把握英语词语的含义,二是要排除汉语表达习惯的干扰。这样才能写出地道的英语文章。
信息提示
你家里养了一只猫,她很小,也很可爱。由于她的存在,你们全家人都很快乐。昨天晚上你去商店给她买食物,在回家的路上下起了大雨。当你到家时,你浑身都湿透了。虽然淋了雨,但是你很高兴。不管怎么说,小猫不用挨饿了。
习作实况
My home (1) raises a lovely small cat. My family are always happy because of her. I went to the store to buy some food for her yesterday night (2). Unluckily, there was a big rain (3) on my way home. When I got home, I was all wet (4). Although I was wet, but (5) I was very happy. No matter how to say (6), the cat would not be hungry.
精讲点拨
上面的这篇习作虽然我们都能看懂是什么意思,但由于受汉语思维的影响,里面充满了因文化差异而产生的错误。
(1) “home”的汉语意思虽然也是“家”,但它指“家”时一般只指地点而不指人。根据英语习惯该句应改为My family has a lovely small cat或We keep a lovely small cat at home。
(2) “昨天晚上”要么表达为yesterday evening,要么表达为last night。但根据语境,这里用前者较合适。
(3) 根据英语表达习惯,“一场大雨”应表达为a heavy rain,而不是a big rain。
(4) be all wet的意思是“完全错了”。要表达“全身湿透了”,可以用wet through或completely wet。
(5) 由于受汉语“虽然……但是”结构的影响而出错。在英语中,although和but在一个句子中不能连用。
(6) 这里要表达“不管怎么说”,可以用anyway或anyhow,文中的表达显然属于汉式英语。
精彩例文
We keep a lovely small cat at home. My family are always happy because of her. I went to the store to buy some food for her yesterday evening. Unluckily, there was a heavy rain on my way home. When I got home, I was wet through. Although I was wet, I was very happy. Anyway, the cat would not be hungry.
中考英语书面表达常见错误分析(七) 习惯用法和固定搭配
【要点领悟】
有的同学在写作时常常把一些习惯用语、固定词组及结构错误搭配,结果写出来的句子让人看不懂。我们在平时若将这些英语基础知识牢固掌握,考试时就会得心应手、从容自若。
【信息提示】
2005年10月1日 星期六 睛
昨天你叔叔打电话来,请你找几个朋友去他农场收桔子。于是今天早上6点,你和朋友就坐汽车出发了。一到农场便开始干活。桔子树上结满了桔子,你们又摘桔子又装车,忙完后在那儿吃了午餐,还吃了不少桔子。下午坐卡车回家。你们虽然忙了一天,却感到非常快乐。
请根据以上提示写一篇80词左右的英语日记。请注意日记的格式。
【习作实况】
October 1, 2005, Saturday Sunny
My uncle called me yesterday. He said in the phone (1) that he had an orange harvest. He needed some help. He asked me to go there with my friends.
Today morning (2) we left home at 6:00. We went there by a bus (3). The trees in (4) the farm were really full with (5) oranges. When we got there, we began to work at once. We picked a lot of oranges and put them in the boxes. Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work, we had the lunch (6) at my uncle’s house. We had many oranges, too. In the afternoon, we came back home by truck. We were busy today, but we were happy.
【精讲点拨】
(1) “在电话里说……”应用介词on。
(2) “今天上午”的英语说法是this morning。
(3) by+交通工具名词时,其间不用冠词或其他修饰词。
(4) “在农场里”介词用on,应是on the farm。
(5) “……充(结)满……”有两种表示方法,be full of ... 或be filled with...。
(6) 英语中在表示吃一日三餐时,三餐前不加冠词。
【精品范文】
October 1, 2005, Saturday Sunny
My uncle called me yesterday. He said on the phone that he had an orange harvest. He needed some help. He asked me to go there with my friends.
This morning we left home at 6:00. We went there by bus. The trees on the farm were really full of oranges. When we got there, we began to work at once. We picked a lot of oranges and put them in the boxes. Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work, we had lunch at my uncle’s house. We had many oranges, too. In the afternoon, we came back home by truck.
We were busy today, but we were happy.
中考英语书面表达常见错误分析(八) 词汇使用错误
要点领悟
很多考生在中考书面表达中,常常会错用一些词语,使得评卷老师不知其所云,得分自然不会高。因此,我们在平时的习作训练中就要特别留意词汇的正确使用。
信息提示
李小莉的一个名叫Mary Baker的笔友给她回了一封电子邮件,谈到她对中国的喜爱和向往。请以“An e-mail from an American pen pal”为标题写一封电子邮件。邮件的开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
From: marybaker0892@ya
To: lixiaolibjcn@163.com
Subject: My wish
_____________________________________________________-
_____________________________________________________
要求:
1. 意思连贯、符合逻辑、书写工整;
2. 词数:85左右。
习作实况
From: marybaker0892@ya
To: lixiaolibjcn@163.com
Subject: My wish
Dear Li Xiaoli,
I’m glad to receive your e-mail. I’ve showed it to my friends. Everyone (1) of us thinks China is one of the greatest countries in the world. We’ve known much about your country for years, but we have not chance (2) to go there. We often watch the Great Wall and beautiful Beijing on TV. So I think China is worth to visit(3). I bought a book on China and study it when I’m free. I hope I can visit your country one day, and I also hope you to visit (4) our country sometimes (5) in the future.
Truly yours,
Mary Baker
精讲点拨
1. everyone是不定代词,它可以用作主语,但不能和含of的介词短语连用。此处应把Everyone分开,即Every one,或者用Each来替换它。但要注意,这里不能用Every,因为它不能用作主语。
2. chance表示“机会”的意思讲时是可数名词,须和冠词连用。由于该句是否定句,如果在它前面加上any,它需要变成复数。最便捷的办法是,把not换成no,表示not a,如果no后接的名词是复数,它则表示not any。
3. 考生对worth一词的用法显然不清楚。worth常用于be worth doing这一结构。be worth后不能接动词不定式,而要接V-ing形式。因此,应当把to visit改为visiting。
4. hope一词不能用于hope sb. to do sth.结构,如果要表达“希望某人做某事”要用hope接that从句。因此要将you to visit改为you can visit。
5. 应将sometimes改为sometime。sometimes意为“有时”,而sometime 的意思是“某个时间”,指某个不确定或未说明的时间。
精彩例文
From: marybaker0892@ya
To: lixiaolibjcn@163.com
Subject: My wish
Dear Li Xiaoli,
I’m glad to receive your e-mail. I’ve showed it to my friends. Every one of us thinks China is one of the greatest countries. We’ve known much about your country for years, but we have no chance to go there. We often watch the Great Wall and beautiful Beijing on TV. So I think China is worth visiting. I bought a book on China and study it when I’m free. I hope I can visit your country one day, and I also hope you can visit our country sometime in the future.
Truly yours,
Mary Baker
中考英语书面表达常见错误分析(九) 句型结构、固定搭配错误
要点领悟
马克思生在德国,他非常擅长学习语言。他不仅能自如地运用英语,而且只用了六个月时间就掌握了足够的俄文,能阅读俄文版的报刊和杂志。不过,他在介绍英语学习的经验时,也曾诉苦说:“I am not too sure about two things, the grammar and some of the idioms.”。英语学习中,句型结构和固定搭配的确是初学者的“拦路虎”。
信息提示
众所周知吸烟有害健康。请以“Smoking is harmful to health”为题写一篇至少100词的英语短文,来介绍一下吸烟的危害,以唤起人们戒烟。
习作实况
Smoking is harmful to health
As (1) is known to all that smoking is bad for health. In China there have (2) millions of smokers. Each year millions of people die from smoking.
Smoking makes many people ill. Those who often smoke have black teeth. Lots of smokers cough day and night. Lung cancer is one of the most serious illnesses that are caused by smoking. Many people suffer from this terrible disease and lose their lives.
Smoking does harm not only to smokers themselves, but also to non-smokers, especially women and children. They may have their health harm (3) because of the smoke caused by cigarettes.
Everyone agrees that smoking is not good for health, but it is not easy for smokers to giving up smoking (4). I hope all the smokers will stop smoking for the good of their own health and also for the people around them. Let’s enjoying (5) clean and fresh air together.
精讲点拨
(1)将As改为It。“It is known to all that+从句”是一个固定结构。意思是“众所周知……”。
(2)句型there is/are表示“某地有某物”，该句型强调“存在”，而have/has常用来表达“某人有某物”，强调“所有”，其主语通常是人。因此，将have改为are。
(3)将harm改为harmed。“have sth. done”是一个固定结构,意思是“使 / 让某物遭受……”。本句的意思是“吸烟产生的毒气很可能使他们(妇女、儿童)的健康遭受到侵害”,因为health被smoke损害,因此,要用过去分词harmed,以表示被动的含义。
(4)英语中表达“某人做某事很不容易”常用句型“It is not easy for sb. to do sth.”。 应将giving up smoking改为give up smoking。
(5)let’s后要跟动词原形构成“Let’s do sth.”结构。应将enjoying改为enjoy。
精彩例文
Smoking is harmful to health
It is known to all that smoking is bad for health. In China there are millions of smokers. Each year millions of people die from smoking.
Smoking makes many people ill. Those who often smoke have black teeth. Lots of smokers cough day and night. Lung cancer is one of the most serious illnesses that are caused by smoking. Many people suffer from this terrible disease and lose their lives.
Smoking does harm not only to smokers themselves, but also to non-smokers, especially women and children. They may have their health harmed because of the smoke caused by cigarettes.
Everyone agrees that smoking is not good for health, but it is not easy for smokers to give up smoking. I hope all the smokers will stop smoking for the good of their own health and also for the people around them. Let’s enjoy clean and fresh air together.
中考英语书面表达常见错误分析(十) 人称和时态误用
要点领悟
人称和时态的误用是英语书面表达中最为常见的错误。英文写作对人称和时态的要求很严格。常用的时态有八种之多,初中阶段最常见有六种动词时态。在写作时,英语初学者要准确判断一个动作应该用哪种时态来表示。首先要判断动作发生的时间是现在、过去还是将来,注意动作是在进行还是已经完成等,据此确定该用什么时态;然后,要熟练掌握各种时态所必须使用的谓语动词结构和词形变化;整篇文章完成后,要检查“时态、语态、主谓一致”等是否正确。这样就可以少犯错误。
信息提示
电脑是当代的高科技产品(a high-tech product),在我们的生活中越来越普及,几乎深入到每个家庭。电脑可以帮我们处理(handle)很多事情。列举一些事例,写一篇关于电脑在日常生活中的用途的文章,说明电脑的利弊。
习作实况
The computer — a high-tech product, has become so popular that they are (1) seen in almost every family. It is playing an important role in our everyday life. The computer will help (2) us handle many matters: official business, chat online, study, sending e-mails, long-distance education and entertainment such as listening to music and watching video.
But we also know that the computer was (3) bad for our eyes, especially for the young kids’. Now there are more and more children who have to wear glasses in order to see clearly. Many children become near-sighted, and they are doing worse and worse in their studies because they spend too much time playing computer games. So if you will want (4) to have beautiful and bright eyes and gain (获取) some useful knowledge when we (5) are young, the most important thing you will do is to plan your time carefully and well. Only in this way can you have a bright future.
精讲点拨
(1)作者在文章开头使用了the computer一词,来代表电脑这一类产品。因此,that从句中如果使用they are,就和句首的主语the computer(单数名词)不一致,因此应将they are 改为it is。
(2)众所周知,电脑在我们的日常生活中正在起着很重要的作用。因此,不能理解成电脑将要帮助我们处理很多事务,而是现在(每天)电脑都在帮助人们处理日常事务,这种help是经常的,反复发生的,应用一般现在时。因此,要改为 helps。
(3)我们看到的事实是,电脑在为人们做了大量的好事的同时,也给人们带来了麻烦。而且,这种困扰现在就存在,即:电脑天天在损害我们的健康和眼睛。应用一般现在时is。
(4) want一词一般没有将来时。另外,本句是由if引导的条件状语从句,按英语的时态规则“主句用一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时”。 将will want改为want。
(5)将we改为you。从本句的条件句可以看出,“如果你在年轻的时候,既想学到知识,又想拥有一双明亮的眼睛,你就记住,玩电脑可不要超越底线。”在这里,前后句的人称要保持一致。
精彩例文
The computer — a high-tech product, has become so popular that it is seen in almost every family. It is playing an important role in our everyday life. The computer helps us handle many matters: official business, chat online, study, sending e-mails, long-distance education and entertainment such as listening to music and watching video.
But we also know that the computer is bad for our eyes, especially for the young kids’. Now there are more and more children who have to wear glasses in order to see clearly. Many children become near-sighted, and they are doing worse and worse in their studies because they spend too much time playing computer games. So if you want to have beautiful and bright eyes and gain some useful knowledge when you are young, the most important thing you will do is to plan your time carefully and well. Only in this way can you have a bright future.